Electrical

A forklift starter is a motor with a solenoid fastened to it. Energizing the solenoid pulls a plunger that moves the linkage and the drive clutch along the armature shaft, so the pinion engages the flywheel ring gear. At the end of that stroke the plunger closes the main contacts and current reaches the starter windings. Faults are traced with a voltmeter before anything is taken apart.

An alternator converts belt-driven mechanical energy into electrical current. The rotor spins a magnetic field past the stator windings to induce AC, the diode bridge rectifies it to DC, and the voltage regulator varies field current to hold output steady. The battery starts the engine; the alternator carries everything once it is running.